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Black Rubric
The term Black Rubric is the popular name for the declaration found at the end of the "Order for the Administration of the Lord's Supper" in the Prayer Book of the Church of England (BCP) which explains why the communicants should kneel and excludes possible misunderstandings of this action. The term dates from the 19th century when the medieval custom of printing the rubrics in red was followed in editions of the BCP and the declaration was printed in black;〔Cross, F.L. & Livingstone E.A., ''The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church''(2nd Ed, 1974) "Black Rubric, The" & "Rubric"〕 but the Declaration itself was composed in 1552.
==History of the Declaration==
In September 1552, after Parliament had approved the Second Prayer Book of Edward VI, John Knox and others argued before the Privy Council that the Holy Communion should be received sitting; but were refuted by Archbishop Cranmer.〔Dickens, A.G. ''The English Reformation'' (2nd Ed) p.278〕 As a result of this clash, the Council acted on its own authority and ordered the inclusion of the Declaration in the new prayerbook. The first copies had already been printed so it had to be pasted into them as a correction slip. It explained that kneeling was an expression of "humble and grateful acknowledging of the benefits of Christ, given unto the worthy receiver" and did not imply any adoration of the bread and wine or of the real and essential presence of Christ's natural flesh and blood.〔''The First and Second Prayer Books of King Edward VI'' with Introduction by Bp. Gibson (Everyman's Library N° 448 - 1964) p.392 with English spelling modernised〕
The "rubric" was omitted from the Elizabethan prayer-book of 1559, probably as part of the Queen's policy to retain the support of moderate traditionalists, but possibly on the technical grounds that the reversal of her Catholic predecessor's repeal of Edward VI's Protestant legislation revived the 1552 BCP as approved by Parliament and not as published.〔Dickens, A.G. ''The English Reformation''.(2nd Ed) p.359〕〔Dix, Gregory ''The Shape of the Liturgy'' p.674 n1.〕 This omission was one of the cherished grievances of the Puritans and in the Savoy Conference of 1661 the Presbyterians demanded its restoration; but the twelve bishops who took part were not willing to grant it.〔Procter and Frere, ''A New History of the Book of Common Prayer'' p.180〕 However, the revision of the prayer-book in 1661/2 involved all the bishops, representatives of the clergy and both Houses of Parliament. At a late stage in the proceedings, the "rubric" was rewritten and condensed with its language updated and a possibly significant verbal modification, the words "real and essential" in 1552 being changed to "Corporal". In this new form, it became part of the book as finally approved.〔Procter and Frere, ''A New History of the Book of Common Prayer'' p.503〕 and therefore forms part of the doctrinal standards of the Church of England (Canon A5), but it has never been included in the alternative forms of worship (such as ''Common Worship'') authorised or allowed by Canons B1,B2 and B4.
It is debatable whether the verbal change "Corporal" in place of "real and essential" implied some type of recognition of the "real presence" or simply updated the terminology because the original phrase was now out of date. Frere claims it does;〔 Griffith Thomas says the opposite.〔Griffith Thomas, W.H., ''The Principles of Theology'' Appendix on Article XXVIII〕
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